A Review on Hydrogen Liquefaction Process: Challenges and Solutions

Hydrogen liquefaction process is a complex operation due to the special equipment and operational conditions used. The challenges involved are classified into three divisions as follow: high costs، low efficiency، and lack of the development of new approaches to produce liquid hydrogen. The peculiar nature of molecules of hydrogen، particular operational conditions of the hydrogen liquefaction process، and the use of appropriate equipment and materials operated under these conditions، cause many obstacles in the development of liquid hydrogen production. In the current study، a review on the challenges of the liquefaction of hydrogen is presented and appropriate solutions are suggested for each of them.