Examples of Goods and Foreign Exchange Smuggling Crimes in Iran Criminal Law

In this Paper, we will define and discuss about the elements constituting the crime of export-banned and exclusive goods smuggling using statutory legal regulations and the law and State Supreme Court's decisions binding for all courts as well as legal doctrines and opinions related to the smuggling. Some of the most important examples of export-banned and exclusive goods including smuggling of gold to other countries, illegal transfer of cultural heritage, caviar and cartilaginous fishes, etc. are studied. Finally, we provide sentencing guidelines for perpetrators of crimes of each kind.