Approach of molecular technique to identify Artiodactyls based on mitochondrial Dloop polymorphism

In recent year species of Artiodactyla have suffered rather decrease in populations as result of poaching. In many cases detecting the organs and tissues obtained from arrested poachers is not possible visually therefore it makes difficult to affirm the occurred violation. The aim of this study was to provide a molecular technique based on mtDNA marker and universal primer for indentifying 8 species of Cervidae, Bovidae and Suidae families. Tissues samples of eight ungulate species (Cervus elaphus maral, Capreolus capreolus, Gazella bennettii, Gazella subgutturosa, Cervus dama mesopotamica, Sus scrofa, Ovis vignei, Capra aegagrus) from different wild populations were examined and identified. The results showed that the mitochondrial control region (D-loop) is highly polymorphic in these species (Cervus elaphus maral 569 bp, Capreolus capreolus 573 bp, Gazella bennettii 598 bp, Gazella subgutturosa 644 bp, Cervus dama mesopotamica 578 bp, Sus scrofa 566 bp, Ovis vignei 1062 bp, Capra aegagrus 990 bp). Accordingly Identification of species from tissues is accessible by this technique. The advantage of this technique is to make genetic evidence for the courts concerning poaching violations. In addition by means of this technique could discover the presence of the rare species in wide habitats which improves their ecological studies.