Laboratory Investigation Effects of vertical and inclined ‎sheet pile on Seepage Control and sand boiling phenomena ‎through Alluvial Foundation of hydraulic structures

So far، for the analysis of seepage under hydraulic structures much research has been conducted in the form of numerical models. However، few field and laboratory works have been done to study boiling phenomena for evaluating numerical models. In the present work، a laboratory model was built to simulate seepage and its controlling measures under sheet piles. The model consists of a 2. 2 m long، 0. 8 m deep and 0. 4 m wide flume، in which vertical sheet piles were provided by Perspex sheets. The flume was made of a steel frame and Perspex as well as thick glass sheets. The effect of position and depth of the sheet pile on the seepage flow، exit gradient and uplift pressure have been demonstrated in the form of dimensionless curves. The results indicate that the ratios and with the maximum upstream water level are best possible depths، for both vertical and inclined sheet piles in the depth of the foundation sheet pile. In other words، inclined sheet piles are much more effective in reducing and controlling seepage، uplift pressure and hydraulic gradient than vertical ones.