A Comparative Study of Government􀀂s Rights toward People in Political System of Islam and Liberal Democracy

In the contemporary world, two fundamental attitudes exist about law: an attitude which is based on religious and divine culture and another attitude which is based on liberal democratic culture that keeps politics and religion separate. In religious culture, divine right is an inherent right and other rights emanate from divine right. Therefore, Allah SWT has laid down some rights and duties for humans so that humans follow them and achieve proximity with Allah SWT and real happiness, while in liberal democracy, because they have ignored God, legitimacy of any law depends on human will and desire and there is no authority to judge except human intellect. Therefore, the author has decided to evaluate and compare government􀀅s rights toward people in two political systems, Islam and liberal democracy. The most important indexes discussed are as follow: legitimacy, supervision, political participation and political liability. Although two systems share some characteristics, there are serious and important differences which have been discussed in this article.