The effects of gendarmessocial origin on their political-social tendencies (1921-1950)

Gendarmerie as one of the greatest achievements of the constitutional revolution was a continuation of the far-reaching renovating process of Iran’s military and security forces in the Qajar era. However, Gendarmerie force, in terms of its stability and functions is of more importance compared to other army forces. To the contrary, the Cossack force which was an affiliate of the Russians was not welcomed by Iranians and particularlypro-constitutionalism owing to their socio-political tendencies, whereas the gendarmerie forces in terms of socio-political tendencies were more inclined to pro-constitutionalism and were anti-colonialism. This article, utilizing historical and library methods, aims to bring to light why gendarmerie’s pro-constitutionalism and anti-colonialism propensity was so significant. The findings of the article demonstrate that in selecting gendarmerie people, special attention was paid to their education, reputation and their family status. Furthermore, for training themspecial schools were established. Members of democratic parties intervened and proposed advices in the recruitment of gendarmerie cadres and it was welcomed by Morgan Shuster and Sweden officers. Moreover, these people were raised in the time of pro-constitutionalism and nationalism.