Histological study of wound repair with topical aloe vera gel in rat

One of the most important issues in medical sciences is wound healing and repair. Application of natural ingredients and herbs for treating ulcers has been in the history of human life. Nowadays, due to the lack of side effects of medicinal plants and a variety of effective compounds in plants, as well as numerous disadvantages of synthetic drugs there has been tendency to use medicinal plants in clinic. Aloe vera is an herbal drug used for treatment of dermal diseases. In this study we evaluated, effects of aloe vera on the wound healing through the microscopic techniques and cell counting.

In this experimental study, sixty Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were placed under general anesthesia and sterile conditions. Then a square shape wound with 1.5´1.5 mm dimension was made on the back of the neck. Rats were randomly divided to control and experimental group’s. Each group was divided to three subgroups with 4, 7, and 14 study days. In 1st experimental group aloe vera was used twice on the wound surface and in 2nd experimental group was used once daily and the positive control group were applied phenytoin cream 1% from the zero days of surgery. The control group did not get any treatment on the wound surface. For histological studies, during the fourth, seventh and fourteenth day’s rats were sacrificed and samples were taken from the wound area and adjacent skin. After histological staining with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome stains, the cells were counted, wound surface and wound healing were investigated.

The macroscopic and microscopic evaluation showed that wound healing increased because the fibroblast numbers in two experimental groups improved compared with control group. The percentage of wound healing on different days in the experimental and control groups were significant. Data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA test and P< 0.05 was significant.

Present study showed that the twice application of topical aloe vera mucilage can result in rapid wound healing in rats.