A Comparative Study of the Nature of Will and Its Effects in Iranian, French and German Laws Based on Imam Khomeini's Views

Man is responsible for everything he does consciously and voluntarily. He never intends to do something unless he is already satisfied with it. In other words, real intent is a principal element of a legal act, the existence of which should be first ascertained before realization of its effects. This is where the stages before formation of man’s will are presented. In legal act, however, will is presented as esoteric and exoteric, and this serves as a subject of scientific debates and discussions among the scholars. In this paper, we have conducted a comparative legal study of the views by Imamiyah jurists, Imam Khomeini in particular, and the Sunni scholars along with positive laws in France and Germany.