Change in the Structure of Military Forces after Constitutional Revolution and Formation of Iranian Modern Army

One of the challenges with which the post-Constitutional Revolution governments faced was establishing security and fixing national sovereignty. The revolutionaries did not trust the military forces of previous dictatorship and their inefficiency, particularly after Mohammad Ali Shah's coup, made it inevitable to revisit military-security forces. By reassessment of the reasons for formation of gendarmerie, this article tries to respond the following questions by using descriptive-historical method and referring to first-hand documents and sources: What were the factors of emerging gendarmerie in Iran? What was the background for formation of Iranian modern army? The results of the study indicate that due to the emergence of many insecurities in different parts of Iran after the Constitutional Revolution and the existence of some factors that made it difficult to raise taxes, the Iranian Parliament decided to vote for the formation of a military force in order to provide political stability and assure tax revenues, that in turn, culminated in many developments in future. Formed by the European officers and methods in Iran, gendarmerie was not only a prompt need of Iranians for establishing security but also provided the background for establishing Iranian modern army through impacting the structure of forces remained from dictatorship era.