The Historical Study of Grounds and Quiddity of Intellectual Principles of Shalmaqaniyeh

The flourishing of Islamic culture and civilization, weakness of caliphate central power and consequently the divergence of the world of Islam provided the ground for the emergence and extension of sects with eclectic beliefs within the domain of Abbasid Caliph. The beliefs of some of these sects were obviously against Islam religion. One of these sects could be Shalmaqaniyeh also known as Azaqariyeh in some sources. This sect founded by Mohammad ibn e- Ja’far Shalmaqani in the lesser occultation was rejected by Twelve- Imam Shiites, since they believed in incarnation and reincarnation. The present writing is to investigate the social position of founder of this sect and to analyze the circumstances present in his life time and to illustrate the quiddity of the effect of newly emerged thoughts in the center of caliph on the intellectual principles and structure of thought of this sect by in a historical view.