A Critical Review of the Pros and Cons Arguments of the Rule of Grace in Theological Discussions

One of the important rules of Adlieh theology is the rule of grace based on which it is pointed at the necessity of grace of God in various issues. By defining the term grace, its conditions and types as the beginning of the discussion and reviewing the arguments of the pros i.e. the majority of the Imamiyeh and Mutazilah theologians, it will be clear that they are incomplete. Also, by evaluating the arguments of the cons like Beshr Ibn Motamer and Shareh Maqased, while some are disputed, some others are confirmed. According to reason, God is wise and the requirement of wisdom is necessary for Him but in terms of major antecedent, grace is not necessary because it includes infinite assumptions not being realized externally but it can be realized. On the other hand, in terms of minor antecedent, the total of advantages and disadvantages of a certain action can be recognized so that in the following it can be decreed whether it is necessary for God or not. For all problems in which Shiite scholars have relied upon this rule (necessity of religious duties, sending prophets, the prophets infallibility, necessity of promise, necessity of appointing Imams) there are substitute arguments.