The Situation of Jame mosques and Relation Between Them and Other Important Space in Historical cities

The Jame mosque in the past was the most important mosque in the Islamic cities, because it was the place of holding Friday prayer, and this prayer was one of the most important activity from social and religious aspect. Other daily prayers were held in the same mosque, and some other social and religious activity were held in the Jame mosque such as some educational and judgement activity in a limited conditions, and in this situations, the jame mosque was the most important building in Islamic cities.
The first Jame mosque in the new Islamic cities were built near the governmental building (Daralemareh), but in the later centuries in some big cities and capitals, they were built in bazaars and the governmental building were built in the citadels. The situation of the Jame mosque in the city and the other important buildings and spaces in the city is the main question of this research.
e main objective of this research is recognition the situation of Jame mosque in Islamic historical cities. The main data, at first are based upon the plans that were drawn by architects or historians, and the second level, the data are based upon the historical reports that were written by historians and the others. Methodology of this research has been based upon deseriptive and analytical methods, and at the same time the historical - interpretation method is used, because the research is about the historical buildings in the past periods.
The samples are chosen from some cities in the Islamic world. Many of documents are gathered in documentary method and simultaneously some data were gathered by field study as the situation of Jame mosque in cities such as Naeen, Tehran, Qazvin and Isfahan, and Jame mosque in Dephi. Independent Variable is the culture and the characteristics of eities, and the dependent variable is the situation of Jame mosque and the relation of it with the other buildings and important spaces in a city.
is obvious that some relations between Jame mosque and other important spaces such as bazzar (Market) are seen in many historical cities that we can see them at present, and in the other hand there are some exceptions that it is seemed that the location of Jame mosque in these cities are shaped accidentally, but it is difficult to imagine that one of the most important space in Islamic cities – Jame mosque-, could be located accidentally in urban fabric, but results of this research shows that there are several patterns and relations between Friday mosque and the other important urban elements that were dependent to some factors such as the political situation of a city, the historical period that Friday mosque was built, and the characteristic pattern and elements of a city and the other conditions.
Therefore there werent only one pattern for location of a Jame mosque in historical cities, and there were also several patterns in the relations between the physical environment of a mosque and buildings adjacent it with the mosque.
The survey shows that there was a relative clear pattern about the shaping and locating Jame mosque in relation with the other important elements and buildings in a city, specially in the new first cities that the most of them had a military function, such as Kofe, Basreh, and Cairo. In these cities the Jame mosque was built near the governmental buildings that it was called, Daralemareh, because there was a strong relation between governmental affairs and religious activity, and the rulers wanted to show this relation very much in the first decades and centuries, but for a few reasons at the later centuries, some governmental centers were built in a citadel that sometimes was far from the city centre and Friday mosque
he situation and level of the Friday mosque in relation to its surrounding areas were different. The most of mosques were at the same level that the other buildings were in the urban texture, while in some periods and in a few countries, the important mosques were built in a higher platform. The Jame Mosque of Delhi, that was built by Shah Jahan ,is located in a level that is higher than adjacent environment. It seems this pattern were used in India because there were some separated and distinct buildings that were located in the middle of a vast and large site .These kind of buildings were seen from surrounding areas and environs, and on the other hand somebody can say that people from these buildings can see the surrounding ereas ,as every body in the Jame mosque of Delhi can see the site and buildings located surrounding the mosque.The Jame mosque of Delhi has three entrance in the middle of each side and they are seen from adjacent site and the plan of these mosques were regular and the outer surface were, but in some mosques as Jame mosque or Friday mosque in the Isfahan that were located in the middle of an urban fabric ,had not an pretty outer facades, because it located in the middle of an urban texture, and their facades can not be seen from distance, and only they have a pretty portal gate and some important elements.
We can say that the situation of a mosque in relation with the adjacent buildings and site can effected on the general form and style of mosque .
Many of mosques were adhere to buildings that were beside them, while in some others, there were a distance between mosque and the other buildings.