EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PARAMETERS ON SHALLOW FOUNDATION SETTLEMENT RESTED ON TWO-LAYERED SOIL SUBJECTED TO EARTHQUAKE LOADING

Settlement and tilt of structures due to the liquefaction of subsoil layers is a major cause of damage during earthquake. Among dierent soil prole types, two-layered sub soil is very common. The numerical study presented in this research addresses the eects of dierent parameters that are in uential on liquefaction in saturated sand deposits underlying the foundation of structures. In this regard, a 3D nite element model, with a fully coupled dynamic analysis of saturated porous media has been utilized. For the constitutive model, a well-calibrated bounding-surface plasticity model, capable of accounting for the monotonic and cyclic response of saturated sand, in a wide range of densities and conning pressures, has been used. Another main feature of the proposed numerical model is taking the variations of permeability into account during liquefaction. The numerical simulations of this study have been performed using OpenSEES, which is an Open-source software framework. In this research, two 3D u-p elements with novel variable permeability functions have been used, which were implemented in OpenSEES. The numerical model has been veried by simulation of a series of centrifuge experiments performed on models of footing and the analysis results are compared with experimental measurements. After verication of the numerical model, comprehensive parametric studies were conducted and, based on the obtained results the eects of the parameters were reported. The results showed that existance of a lique- able layer plays a signicant role in shallow foundation settlement during earthquake. In two- layered subsoil, if the footing rests on the liqueable layer, the underlying dense sand can reduce the amount of settlement more eectively.