The Effects of Social Capital in Economic Diversity of Rural Households) Case Study: Zarin Dasht Dehestan- Darrehshahr County)

INTRODUCTION The area under study has several problems such as deficits in household spending, the high ratio of illiteracy and unemployment, the high number of children, the mistrust between villagers and so that these problems have created some obstacles on the way of rural development in the district. Identify and analyze the issues and introduce proper solutions to eliminating or at least blur of effects including a thriving agricultural sector, optimal use of the potential of rural areas, the effects of participation in rural development programs on welfare, social security, stabilizing population growth in these areas, and the rural development in the respective county to follow. Results livelihoods could include more income, increased well-being of life, reduce vulnerabilities, reduce inequality, improve food security, environmental sustainability with sustainable use of natural resources that will improve the value and human dignity.
Considering the role of social capital in a variety of rural households living, the present study seeks to answer the following questions: 1. What is the relationship between social capital and economic diversification?
2. On which of the dimensions of sustainable livelihoods does the social capital have the most effects?
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Social capital includes aspects of social structure that facilitate social action and resources at their disposal to achieve their goals affect people. Barrett believes that social capital plays an important role in the diversification of the rural economy, contributing to the disaster, the optimal distribution of resources and facilities and resources, reducing production costs, increasing labor productivity and poverty reduction in rural areas, which is followed by an increase in quality of life and improvement in the economic situation so that the inhabitants eventually led to geographical consolidation of the villagers in their areas. The basic parameters are included in the definition of social capital, which includes norms, networks and trust. Trust is an important variable of social capital at the macro level to measure public confidence tends; at the micro level, more specific variables and trust among groups and individuals in organizations is measured. Adoption of diverse ways of living and incomes among rural households may be due to certain circumstances, but that would be sustainable livelihoods when the stresses, pressures and shocks cope and recover. And assets now and in the future, be prevented from undermining the natural resource base. Strategy of sustainable livelihoods in the late 1980s, the World Commission on Environment and Development in order to progress and poverty alleviation of rural communities came into existence. Sustainable Livelihoods focused on the different ways that people choose to achieve their livelihood. This is common especially in poor and rural communities where many people earn money to line by from different activities instead of having a steady job.
METHODOLOGY The aim of this study is descriptive - analytic. To collect the data, documents and field surveys (including questionnaires, observation, interviews) in a sample (Zarrin Dasht Dehestan) is used. According to Cochran formula, sample of 257 households was obtained. Also, selected households in each village, are random, to observe the principle of equal opportunity to be selected households. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (T single-sample correlation coefficients and path analysis) are used. To check the status of social capital in four dimensions and 31 questions, 23 questions for sustainable livelihoods and using the Likert scale (from 1 to 5) is designed. The reliability of study was calculated using Cronbach's alpha which indicates the high confidence factor is 88/0. The independent variable of this study, social capital and the dependent variable were also considered sustainable livelihoods.
DISCUSSION Most frequent application vendors responded the male, the average age of the respondents is equal to 4.51 years; average household size of 2.4 person and the highest literacy levels are related to the primary with 28.4 percent. Statements of of each index such comments were measured, and the average amount of social trust people 74.2, 80.2 the turnout, and the cohesion of people 96.2, 93.2 evaluated the peer network with people and institutions, as well as sustainable livelihoods average was 75.2. To study the relation between social capital and sustainable livelihoods in the villages using Pearson correlation coefficient was used. The results of this relationship represents a significant and positive relationship between social capital and sustainable livelihoods villages of the study. Due to the correlation coefficient (0.596) and significant at 99% is obtained, we can say there is a correlation between the two variables of social capital and sustainable livelihoods, and this is a positive correlation. Since the of this relationship is positive estimate indicates there is a direct relationship between increased social capital and sustainable livelihoods. It can be said that the higher the total social capital, the sustainable livelihoods of rural households has also increased.
CONCLUSION Our findings show that, alongside increasing their social capital with the help local people and institutions (Dehyariha, village Islamic Consultative, etc.) the role and function of government can have no effect. The government could somehow open the way to climb up the social capital in rural areas. Social capital through the establishment of coordination and communication between other types investments such as financial capital, Natural and humanin the form of a network of based relations mutual trust and partnerships among individuals, provides context to achieve common benefits.