Analysis of the spatial distribution of rural settlements based on the existing ecological resources(Case study region Sabzevar - Neishabour)

Ensuring the sustainability of rural settlements in various aspects of economic, social, cultural, political, directly or indirectly depend on how posture and spatial distribution of these settlements. In this regard, careful and thorough study and understanding of how to deploy and spatial distribution of rural settlements in discussions and programs related to sustainability of rural settlements on the other hand acts as the foundation and basis and Crucial for the sustainable development of rural programs. And the other as the need arises.Ecological resources (roughness, slope, geology, etc.) are important in spatial distribution and rural settlements. These factors also lead to the occurrence of natural events such as earthquakes, floods, storms and .... are the effects of instability in rural settlements brings.In this regard, several studies on the ecological role and importance in terms of locating and spatial distribution of rural settlements is done, and it seems that four factors Climate (Rainfall, temperature, humidity, winds), Topography (elevation, slope, landform), Soil (structure, depth, drainage, soil) and Geological (soil and geological features), the most important ecological factors involved in the distribution rural settlements are important.
Library studies, statistical surveys and field observations about the spatial distribution of 925 villages Inhabited in Sabzevar-Neyshabur issues facing researchers, including: rural settlement area in terms of number and population density (sparsely populated and densely populated), and also heterogeneous age groups. in some regions, rural locations are very compact and in some regions are very sporadic and villages with populations of less than 250 people , also the population over 65 years in southern and western regions are less than the other areas and 8 villages more than 1000 households have scattered in east and north region as well as, Agriculture in most regions doesn’t have the same boom. In western and northern areas crop diversity was higher than the other areas.
These issues shaping the field of study entitled "Analysis of the spatial distribution of rural settlements in Sabzevar-Neyshabur based on existing ecological resources", provided, this area has located in the west of Khorasan Razavi Province and according to the 1390 census the population is 387319 that resides in 925 villages. The Purposes of this study including: examine the spatial distribution of rural settlements in Sabzear- Nishabur regions based on ecological resources and Zoning of three ( appropriate- intermediate – inappropriate), according to factors such as: climate,topography,soil,geology. This study is going to answer the following questions:1) The share of each of the different classes I (appropriate), II (intermediate) and III (inappropriate) What is it?
2) Whether the distribution of rural settlements affected by ecological factors available?
3) Distribution of rural settlements in three zones suitable transitional and unsuitable to do that?
This research through library research, field observations, collect and gather information and statistics, and the use of GIS and SPSS software, have been conducted. In this context, the region's political divisions map, geological map, topographic scale of 1: 50,000, satellite images ETM, and some climate information is required. After collecting information from various sources, and the classes I (appropriate), II (intermediate) and III (inappropriate), based on study criteria, 12 persons, layers related to these criteria in GIS software and made a lot of each layer in each class are given in the form of tables. In this study, spatial analysis tools and tool parts overlap (overlay) tools (weighted overlay), used and Criteria related to each other by equally weighting layers are combined and output as the mapping of topography, climate, geology and soil is achieved. In the final step, using the tools of spatial analysis made in the previous step In GIS, 4 layers are combined with equal weighting and zoning is obtained.
The results are intended to answer the research questions: The results of the distribution of four persons study (Table 6) shows that the agents in the class I (appropriate), II (intermediate) and III (inappropriate), have the same distribution, in appropriate category topography factor with 63 percent, in intermediate category climate factor with 87 percent and in inappropriate category, geology factor with 26 percent include most distribution. In response to the second question; what results have been achieved and compliance with the existing situation shows that ecological resources have a significant impact on the distribution of rural settlements. There have been settlements for the formation of the barrier height and the lowest number of villages in the mountainous regions there. The West region in terms of soil characteristics and geological conditions in such a way that no adverse human settlements in it not been formed.
Zoning indicates that; appropriate zones (28%), intermediate zone 42% and inappropriate zone have covered 30% of the area. 44 percent of settlements in the appropriate zone, 40% in the intermediate zone and 16 percent have been deployed in unsuitable zone. Most parts of the South and South West area are located in unsuitable zone, population studies and field studies indicate scattering of rural settlements, small population, an aging population, migration and lack of agricultural development in these areas.
16% rural habitations area are located in unsuitable zone, if we want the rural settlements don’t lead to instability and we are going to facilitate the movement toward sustainability we have to use two ways:Improving human factors (infrastructure, access, services, etc.) through correct planning and providing appropriate templates and designs. And also natural limits to development be considered as an opportunity, that this also requires proper planning. Limitations of ecological factors in the region can be minimized by following Using of tourism opportunities in the Highlands, protected areas, the available vegetation and also the capacities of mining sector and agricultural potential as well as improve the soil. By using these methods we well be able to reduce rural settlements instability and moved to the stability of rural settlement area.