Analysis of the site selection of human settlement in critical condition (case study: Urmia city)

The occurrence of natural disasters such as the earthquake has been threat human life and caused a great deal homelessness and displacement in the cities. In the early stages of dealing with such conditions one of the more important issues that is noticed by the responsible crisis management organizations is the optimum locating for contemporary settlement and organizing the life conditions OD sufferers and survivors and cope with their problems. In the case, with the dominant emergency situation if locating is done without considering the role of scientific criteria's and parameters, it can impose enormous costs.
The main objective of this paper is the appropriate site selection and planning with respect to environmental and spatial and ... characteristics of the city regard to accomodation in order to gain the primary social and physical needs of survivors of the accident (the earthquake) and providing, maintaining and promoting the health condition of crisis so that we can multipurpose use of this places even in ordinary or emergency situations. In this regard, this paper with the respect locating different areas of Iran on the earthquake belt, due to the existence of unfit network and earthquake causing faults with the moderate risk of seismicity has investigated the city of Urmia as the model of spatial database in order to contemporary locating after earthquake. So that in the past, destructive earthquake in Salmas in 70 km from Urmia and also Tabriz in 100 km away from Urmia, make nscessity of temporary site selection and settlement in the earthquake. In terms of human factors, Other influencing factors on the vulnerability ofcity are Various parameters such as: building age(16.7% of the city context is old,including 300 hectares historical fabrics ), quality of buildings (about 56%buildings of Urmia are damaged, repairable and maintainable), Urban transportation routes, amount of traffic, population and building density, land use of different areas, type and material of different geological layers, etc that have much effection on crisis management, especially during and after the earthquake. The old fabrics of Urmia, which are generally, include of one and two-storey buildings with low and compact infrastructure that they are not according to technical standards have notenough stability against earthquakes. According to the above and importance of the issue , this paper tries to select optimal temporary sites, after the accurrence of earthquake in Urmia with the blending of natural- physical information with the use of new techniques and methods of network analysis process (ANP) and geographic information system (GIS).
The methodology of research y is Descriptive – analyticwith the functionalnatureandthe methods of data collection are the library and documentary by the using of books, articles, approved urban projects, official statistics and undertaken researches related to the subject. In which is used the Super Decision software for calculations of the analysis network process model and is used the ArcGIS software for spatial modeling and region zoning.
Therefore, in order to express the theoretical basics, analysis networkprocess steps (ANP) and introduction of the study area, first has been investigated Effective measures of site selection of the temporary settlement that includes the natural characteristics, compatible land use, incompatible land use, and communication network, which each criterion includes several sub criteria. In the next step theclassification of sub criteria have been reviewed according to the world standards, rules of the approved urban project and the authors analyze of city properties. And then the information layers of sub criteria of each criterion individually are integrated in the GIS environment that Based on the importance coefficient is achieved by the analysis network process And again all maps of 4 main criteria will overlap based on the significance of each factor in a GIS environment and Finally, thesuitable location of the temporary settlement has been determined on the bases of global standards and urban management capacity In order to equip them for a third of the population of the city.
this location that choice is selected with triple prioritization based on capacity and de facto and possible potential of urban management according to the type of landuse, ownership and utilization of equipment and usage. So that the first priority have been 16 places in the entire area that mainly include state, private landuse and natural resources that allocated totaling 405 hectares to itself. These places generally have been the kind of green space, farms and gardens landuse and inside green space bar the city and located near the urban facilities, But deprived of them and In terms of importance, are in the first grade. That is why the creation of the necessary infrastructure in crisis situations of them is essential. The second priority have been the 19 places in the entire area that mainly include municipal and private landuse that allocated totaling 60.6 hectares to itself. This priority is locations that has been dependent on the previous class whichhas benefited of about half of urban facilities and the creation of management and storage infrastructures in them is not required. Also, are used after the completion of the first class.the third priority have been the 28 places in the entire area that mainly include municipal and state land use that allocated totaling 95.1 hectares to itself. And this places are includes the educational, cultural, sports and religious land uses, and this places are part of the dependent areas upon two previous classes. These places do not needed any kind of infrastructure and only used when we required for temporary settlements outside of the previous two classes capacity. So urban management of Urmia can equip these three priorities and places with regard to span of the city, crowds, old texture, and lack of more access hierarchy and use them for multipurpose and can take advantage and use of them in crisis situations, in order to crisis management caused by the earthquake for the establishment.