The Boundary relationships of Iran and Ottoman Empire in Qajar Era (Case of Sumar Borderline)

Kermanshahan, as a great and vast province (Eyälat) of iIran in Qajar period, had a long borderline with Ottoman Empire. Sumar was a controversial region between two states which its name was mentioned in official documents of two countries. The main question of the research is what have been the causes of this relations and also political controversies between Iran and Ottoman dynasty? The results demonstrate that the crossing of Gangir river in Sumar and its entrance to Mandali in Ottoman territory, the fertility of the region, its palm trees and farms of and r need to the river, the nearness of Sumar to Baghdad, the existence of the Kurds in Mandali who were most from Sumar and Poshtkouh tribes (Ilam) as well as Kalhor of Kermanshahan, the disagreement between governers (Vali) of Poshtkouh and kermanshahan on the governing of Sumar and, finally, the British interferences were the most influential factors on Iran-Ottoman relationship. Considering geographical history of the region and pursuing descriptive-analytical method, the study attempts to gather respective information from the first hand resources in order to test the before-noted hypothesis.