Pāyandānīh (Warranty) and ham-pāyandānīh (Joint warranty) in Mādayān ī Hazār Dādestān

Mādayān ī Hazār dādestān is a juridical book in Pahlavi (= Middle Persian) which has been written in Sasanian era. Mādayān ī Hazār dādestān is the only book remained from the juridical tradition of Zoroastrianism. This book is dedicated to juridical issues such as slavery, tutelage, bailment/ warranty, partnership, marriage, divorce and etc. This article studies the juridical law related to warranty expressed by the terms 'pāyandānīh' and 'ham- pāyandānīh'. This report is divided into two parts; the first part defines 'pāyandānīh' and 'pāyandān' and analyzes the related laws. For example who chooses 'pāyandān' and how is it qualified, when can the claimant refer to it and what can be 'pāyandān'. The second part 'ham-pāyandānīh' and its related rules are studied, such as like what are the features of 'ham-pāyandānīh' and what commitments does it impose and the differences between the two.