Identification of Bacteria Associated with a Periodontal Disease in Thai Patients Based on Next-Generation Sequencing

Oral diseases depend on the relationship between host and various species of a bacterial community. The propagation of pathogenic bacteria within the mouth can cause periodontitis.
In this study, bacterial classifications were performed based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in order to identify potential bacterial species associated with a periodontal disease in Thai patients.
Dental plaques were collected from healthy controls (n = 5; mean age = 48.4 ± 4.5 years) and patients with a chronic periodontitis (n =5; mean age = 47.4 ± 10.1 years). Total DNA was extracted and then amplified by specific primers within a V3/V4 region of the 16S rDNA gene. The purified DNA from samples within the same group were pooled together and used to construct DNA libraries with different indexes. High-throughput sequencing with paired-end (250 × 2) was carried out on a MiSeq platform. Pass-filter sequencing reads (Q ≥ 30) were used for bacterial classification.
The comparative analysis of healthy controls and patients with a chronic periodontitis revealed that Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia were significantly associated with a periodontal disease. Other bacteria such as Treponema denticola, T. medium, Tannerella forsythia, P. endodontalis and Filifactor alocis might be potentially associated with the periodontal disease in Thai patients.
Several potential bacteria that might be associated with periodontal disease in Thai patients were identified. The obtained data from this study would be useful for understanding the bacterial communities which is responsible for periodontal disease that might be applied for more specific bacteria-targeted antimicrobial therapy of the disease.