Probabilistic Transmission Expansion Planning in the Presence of Plug-in Electric Vehicles Uncertainty

Considering new challenges of smart grids, transmission expansion planning (TEP) is one of the most important issues. Under the smart grid environment, vehicle to grid (V2G) which is one of the achievements of smart grids, can be used as a portable power plant. In this paper, in order to investigate the effect of V2Gs on TEP, a static probabilistic transmission expansion planning model in the presence of V2Gs (P-TEPV2G) is introduced. The objective function in this P-TEPV2G problem consist of investment costs of new lines and risk cost that calculating by EENS. To study the uncertainty of V2Gs availability on the TEP problem, a probabilistic analysis method based on the multi-state Markov model is used. Because P_TEPV2G is a complex, non-linear and integer optimization problem including a number of constraints, an improved cuckoo search algorithm is utilized to effectively solve the problem. In the problem, it is assumed that there is an electric vehicle fleet operator (EV FO) for management of electric vehicles. On the IEEE 24-bus system, simulation results show that the availability of the electric vehicles on the TEP result in decreasing risk cost and deferring construction of new transmission lines.