Evaluation of Humoral and Cell-mediated Immunity of Two Capripoxvirus Vaccine Strains against Lumpy Skin Disease Virus

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), Goatpox virus and Sheeppox virus are members of genus Capripoxvirus of the Poxviridae, which have close genetic similarity. Therefore, the use of CaPV-vaccine strains derived from sheep and goat would be useful to protect cattle against LSD. The aim of This study was to compare the immune responses of two available CaPV vaccines against LSD in cattle.
A total of 48 calves were vaccinated with Gorgan-Goat pox virus (GGPV) and RM/65-Sheep pox virus (RSPV) vaccines and humoral and cellular immunity were evaluated weekly.
The GGPV-vaccinated calves (GVC) had a higher levels of cellular immune responses measured, using DTH reaction at the vaccination site than RSPV-vaccinated calves (RVC), which indicated higher levels of immunogenicity produced by the GGPV-vaccine in cattle. Also, the serum Neutralization Index of vaccinated calves in response to vaccine strains (homologous virus) was higher than LSD virus (heterologous virus) in all time-point, although this difference in RVC was higher than GVC, and was significant in days 21 and 35 (p The results of this study indicated, that GGPV-vaccine had a good immunogenic response due to induction of high level of antibody titer and high lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-γ and IL-4 production. Therefore, it was considered suitable vaccine to control LSD.