Decision Making for Canine Exposure: Literature Review and Propose a Clinical Algorithm

The maxillary canines rank second after the third molars in terms of the frequency of impaction. The permanent canine teeth play a fundamental role in a functional occlusion and a balanced smile. This study aimed to review the literature and introduce clinical guidelines for surgical canine exposure techniques. The choice of treatment is influenced by several factors such as canine location, severity of impaction, patient’s age, and other considerations. There are three treatment options, namely observation, exposure and extraction. Based on the location of the impacted canine, the amount of keratinized gingiva and distance from the gingival margin, a flow diagram is introduced for decision-making to choose an appropriate surgical technique.