The Geometric Typology of the Form of Stone Columns in Persian Public Monuments after Islam

Columns are structural elements that transfer the vertical forces from beams and vaults. They have undergone major changes in terms of form in the course of time. The formal analysis of different parts of columns may reveal valuable geometric information about them. Recognizing the geometric forms of stone columns can be one of the proper strategies for restoring these valuable elements. The size and form of the base, shaft and capital directly affected the final form of stone columns in post-Islamic Iran. Previous studies in this field have mostly focused on aesthetic, symbolic as well as typological aspects of these columns. However, for the first time, the present research has examined the influence of geometric features on forming the final structure of the Persian stone columns in monuments built during post-Islamic era. This study is descriptive-analytic in nature and the data was gathered via library sources and field studies. Accordingly, after defining the column and its different types using field studies, the structural elements of a column were examined and typologically analyzed and categorized. The results show that the form of the base, shaft and capital of most stone columns in Persian public monuments in post-Islamic era were adapted from Greek and Platonic styles. Also, in some cases, a combination of different styles could be observed. Even in elaborate capitals, the Greek-based adapted styles can be seen. Moreover, the overall form of a stone column is compatible with the plan of the monumental structures.