A Comparative Study of the Effective Ways of Civil Participation in French-Iranian Urban Public Policy

The present paper seeks to investigate the legal and historical framework of the top down movements of deliberative democracy urban public policy in France and Iran, through studying the evolution of the decentralization of power to examine the establishment of a mechanism for ensuring the power-sharing and maximizing the participation in urban management. This paper hypothesizes that the concept of democracy and participation, born in Athens and later in Islam, is separated from the model of democracy that we are experiencing today and the concept of active citizenship requires more attention from public policy decision makers. Local and urban political and social entities must provide the legal and organizational tools to assume the maximum of consultation during all decisional procedures to its implementation.