The Effects of aqueous extracts of Rosa Canina L fruit on hippocampus neuronal density in male mouse

Abstract Memory is a process by which the information is stored and retrieved. In fact memories are stored in synapses. The change of the number of neurons and their synapses,is an effectin factor for the increase or the decrease of the memory. One of the areas of the brain which has an important role in temporary categorizing of the events, is the Hippocampus. The reduction of the Hippocampus’s volume creates disturbances in memory and learning, and of the reasons for the change of the volume of the Hippocampus, is the change in the member of its neurons .Rosa Canina L, is a perennial plant of Rosaceae family. The antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds in the fruit of Rosa Canina L can inhibit oxygen radicals in cellular and non-cellular systems. This study aimed to determine the effect of aqueous extract of the fruit of Rosa Canina L plant on hippocampus neuronal density. first, the soxhelet of aqueous extract form the fruit of the Rosa Canina L plant with herbarium code 9737 was prepared. This experimental study was conducted on 24 adult male mouse. Mouse were randomly divided into 4 sanary groups of control and treat with extract with a dose of 25,50,75 mg/kg. In the groups of treat with extract, intraperitoneally (IP), for 21 day continuously with an invertal of 24 hours and the control group received normal saline injection. One month after the first injection, the animals were anesthetized and brain gently was out of the skall. After processing , seven-micron serial sections were stained with blue toluidine and erythrosine. Then different regions of the hippocampus were photographed and neuronal density of different regions of the hippocampus in different groups were evaluated by stereological methods and were compared with control groups. The result of this study showed that in the group treated with aqueous extract of the fruit of Rosa Canina L plant with a dose of 25 mg/kg in all regions of the hippocampus, has an increased neuronal density compared to the control group. So the density of neurons in CA1 area in control group, treat 25.50,75 mg/kg of body weight respectively 55,80,67,58 . In CA2 , 65,89,75,72 and in CA3, 76,95,89,81 was determined. This study showed that the aqueous extract of the fruit of Rosa Canina L plant with a dose of 25 mg/kg, increases the density of neurons in the hippocampus of mouse, which may be due to vitamin C , polyphenols and Flavonoids compounds in the extract.