Clinical Reasoning in Medicine: A Concept Analysis
Author(s):
Article Type:
Research/Original Article (دارای رتبه معتبر)
Abstract:
Background
Clinical reasoning plays an important role in the ability of physicians to make diagnoses and decisions. It is considered the physicians most critical competence, but it is an ambiguous concept in medicine that needs a clear analysis and definition. Our aim was to clarify the concept of clinical reasoning in medicine by identifying its components and to differentiate it from other similar concepts. It is necessary to have an operational definition of clinical reasoning, and its components must be precisely defined in order to design successful interventions and use it easily in future research.Methods
McKennas nine-step model was applied to facilitate the clarification of the concept of clinical reasoning. The literature for this concept analysis was retrieved from several databases, including Scopus, Elsevier, PubMed, ISI, ISC, Medline, and Google Scholar, for the years 1995 2016 (until September 2016). An extensive search of the literature was conducted using the electronic database. Accordingly, 17 articles and one book were selected for the review. We applied McKennas method of concept analysis in studying clinical reasoning, so that definitional attributes, antecedents, and consequences of this concept were extracted.Results
Clinical reasoning has nine major attributes in medicine. These attributes include: (1) clinical reasoning as a cognitive process; (2) knowledge acquisition and application of different types of knowledge; (3) thinking as a part of the clinical reasoning process; (4) patient inputs; (5) contextdependent and domain-specific processes; (6) iterative and complex processes; (7) multi-modal cognitive processes; (8) professional principles; and (9) health system mandates. These attributes are influenced by the antecedents of workplace context, practice frames of reference, practice models of the practitioner, and clinical skills. The consequences of clinical reasoning are the metacognitive improvement of reasoning and tacit knowledge production.Conclusion
The present concept analysis tries to clarify the concept of clinical reasoning in medicine and reduces the ambiguity of this concept to design successful interventions and use it easily in future research.Keywords:
Language:
English
Published:
Journal of Medical Education, Volume:16 Issue: 3, Aug 2017
Page:
154
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