Experimental study of piezoelectric properties in barium titanate implants and 3D bone scaffolds

Piezoelectric materials are materials that convert electric energy into mechanical energy (acoustic), and vice versa with mechanical pressure on them, electrical energy is produced. The use of lead-free piezoelectric materials in the bone is developing due to its piezoelectric properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the piezoelectric effect of barium titanate. Barium titanate is a bioactive material that is suitable for use in bone tissue engineering. In barium ceramics, non-polar titanate, ferroelectric regions are randomly oriented, and thus the piezoelectric properties are minimal. Therefore, there is a need for polarization to increase piezoelectric properties. For this purpose, this study was carried out by polarization with different voltage and time on two groups of implantation and porous scaffolds. The implants were made with different dimensions, then polished with different voltages and different times, and finally, their piezoelectric properties were investigated by piezoelectric devices. Also, three-dimensional scaffolds with a porosity of 80% were made using foam molding method. The scaffolds were then polarized in the oil at a different voltage and time, and finally, their piezoelectric properties were investigated by piezoelectric force. And then a biological test was performed on them. Finally, it was concluded that both implants and porous scaffolds with polygonation can find the proper properties for use in bone tissue engineering. It was also concluded that the higher the diameter of the implants, the lower the height and the greater the piezoelectric coefficient. Cell test results also confirmed the effect of piezoelectric properties on bone growth.