The Geomorphology of Karst and Its Influence on the Water Resources of Ramsar-Chalous Plains in Salmanshahr Area

The Salmanshahr area is one of the areas (zones) that is important from the geomorphologic and Karstic water resource's point of view. The studies conducted on the heights of this area indicate that these heights contain high amount of undifferentiated cretaceous limestones, which extend towards the east. The movement of the major fault in the northern Alborz has caused the shemshak formation in the area to be in fault border and in contact with cretaceous limestones (the 100000/1 geological plan of chalous). The unpermeability of the coal bearing formation of shemshak and the drainage of surface waters from these heights toward the plains can be one of the reasons for the formation of these kinds of karsts in the area. By analyzing the data obtained from the chemical analysis of water samples and drawing piezometric maps using the monthly statistics received from the piezometers of the plain, the influence of karstic areas on the ground waters of the plain was proved, and a karstic polya named Danial was also distinguished from the other areas (Matrices 4, 5, and 6 and Satellite Pictures).