Contemplation on Semiotics of Qazvin Houses Entrance of During the Qajar Era from Aspects Ferdinand de Saussure, Charles Sanders Peirce and Umberto Eco

Semiotics (Semiology) is a scientific approach which deals with studying and analyzing signs. By broad and multilateral studying upon objects in different cultural and social fields, it can be considered as an efficient factor (effect) in architecture and impressive agents in creating spaces. This research, investigates the reasons and meaning of the factors (effects) which were used in the entrance of Qajar's houses of Qazvin City from view of semiotics, and by considering “Ferdinand de Saussure”, “Charles Sanders Peirce” and “Umberto Eco” points of view. The theory is that in researching every detail of these entrances with Semiological view, whatever that interpreted as a sign is a result of human's thoughts (mind) and also has been impressed by cultural and social structures. However, the main part of this research is mostly about objective (visual) factors (effects) but as the aforementioned theory suggests, these visual factors (effects) are also made by following the thoughts (mind). In this research it is decided to study the entrance of Qajar's houses of Qazvin City by using semiotics (semiology) to analyze these areas more deeply than what was thinking about them- that these areas are just a linking part of the houses. The research also wants to find and analyze the factors (effects) among cultural and social fields, which can be interpreted as signs. As it can be understood from research's title and its theory, necessity of meaning interpretation and social analysis as the main base have an important role, so by considering them, the research method is qualitative and in analyzing, it is supreme, comparative and descriptive. Semiological analysis were carried out in accordance with the views of “Saussure”, “Peirce”, and “Eco”. Therefore, the cause-and-effect relationships of signifier and signified were discussed in Saussure’s perspective. Then, the designatum, Sign, interpretant, and three types of semiotics (index, symbol, and icon) were discussed in “Peirce’s” point of view. Finally, the centrality of culture was analyzed in the formation of symbols in accordance with Eco’s view. In addition to analyzing the functional and conceptual causes of spatial elements of the entrance symbolically, the research results indicated the most effective factors in the analysis of signs in reference to subjective and conceptual components. Such components resulted in cultural, social, religious, and behavioral structures by considering the physical features leading to a meaningful form. Accordingly, the researchers managed to determine the philosophical method of semiotics in the legibility of architectural elements by preserving the nature of the method. The aforesaid approach described the conventional relationship between physical forms and the elements of entrance space comprehensively in addition to their applications. It also justified those entrance symbols which were merely decorative and useless, due to the lack of a specific functionality, in the legibility of deep semantic strata in reference to sociocultural structures. In interaction with the views of theorists, the legibility of entrance space symbols was provided in a more detailed context in relation to the residents and users of space in addition to behavioral and religious patterns affecting the creation of a meaningful physical for such elements.