Tertiary Hierarchical Optimal Control of Microgrid by Dynamic Population Dispatch in a Day-ahead Market

Hierarchical control, with compilation of centralized and decentralized control system, is a suitable to control a microgrid. Economically optimal operation is the main task of tertiary hierarchical control of microgrid. In the uniform-price auction model, the economic power dispatch is based on the same marginal utility of distributed energy resources (DER) of microgrid. To implement this condition in a day-ahead real-time market, dynamic population dispatch are used. The share of demand for each source is according to its fitness. The fitness function of each source depends on nominal power, cost factor and penalty factor duo to the role of each source in increasing/decreasing power losses of the microgrid. To calculate the penalty factor, jacobian analytical method and a numerical one are compared. By calculating the marginal utility (minimum bid price of microgrid) through the dynamic power distribution method, and knowing the real-time market purchase and sell price of the distribution network, the energy exchange path between the microgrid and the distribution network is determined. In this paper, a 14-bus radial network with resistive lines and five controllable sources has been simulated. According to the results, an effective and real-time approach to optimally control a microgrid in a day-ahead market with the aim of maximizing the benefits of the microgrid has been proposed.