Physicochemical Properties of Recovered Chitosan from Indian White Shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus) Shells by an Optimized Method Process

In order to optimize the chitosan extraction efficiency from Indian shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus) shells by Respond Surface Method (RSM), the microwave power (900, 600, 300 W), time (11, 9, 7 min), and the ratio of sodium hydroxide to the substrate (25: 1, 20: 1, 15: 1), as independent variables, were tested. The water binding capacity for optimal and central chitosan was 600.35 and 600.32, respectively, and significantly higher than commercial chitosan (516.63%). Also, the fat bonding value for the optimum chitosan sample (500.34) and central chitosan (500.33) was significantly higher than commercial chitosan (462.45%). In terms of color, the whiteness (W) for commercial chitosan was 77.99 which was significantly higher than optimal and central production chitosan (69.96 and 70.99 respectively). Based on FT-IR data, absorption bands of NH and CH groups and also bands around 1680-1610, 1560-1515 and 1385-1384 were observed for amides I, II and III in recovered chitosan while the O-C tensile structure occurred in absorption 1085-1010 And the OH group was observed in the absorption of 700-670.The crystallinity in optimal chitosan (2.08) was significantly less than commercial sample (64.21) and central (75.60). The zeta potential of chitosan particles was 8.56, 4.48, and 11.60 mV for the optimal, central and commercial sample, respectively. The SEM images for both commercial and experimental chitosan (optimal and central) represents an inhomogeneous structure, with almost spherical and non-porous, as well as interconnected (microfiber) and powdered structures observed. The particle size for optimal, central and commercial chitosan was 1839, 3524, and 1441 nm, respectively (P<0.05). Finally, despite from the particle size, the recovered chitosan form Indian white shrimp showed high degree of deacetylation along with high qualitative and structural characteristics.