Components of Imam Reza's (A.S) Political School on the Horizon of Islamic Civilization

The origin of Islamic Shiite civilization is revelation, some of the goals of which are the maintenance of the perfect man and the creation of the life of Tayyabah (pure) by the society. One of the steps to achieve such goals is to establish the political rule of Islam. Based on Shi’i attitude, political leadership and intellectual leadership are interconnected. One can see the manifestation of such unity within Razavi civilization. The History of Islam is subject to a dual deviation: deviation from Imamate to the caliphate in the case of Saqifah, and then to the monarchy in the year 61 (AH) (Yazid monarchy). Years after the Leadership of Amir al-Mu'minin (A.S), the intellectual and political leaderships connected to each other at Imam Reza’s (A.S) era. Abbasid Caliphate was not legitimate. This lack of legitimacy became manifested at the time of Imam Reza (A.S). The current study seeks to answer this question: Given such deviations, how Imam Reza (A.S) could benefit from the lack of legitimacy and started to reform the political system? The results of the current study indicate that Imam Reza (A.S) made benefit from this lack of legitimacy to the most, and not only he proved the legitimacy of Imam Ali (A.S) and Aeme Athar (A.S), but also truly connected Imam Ali’s (A.S) system of ruling and Imam Hossein’s (A.S) movement to Mahdism. Therefore, in the current study, the political reforms made by Imam Reza (A.S) to return to the truth of Imamate and guardianship were considered by a descriptive-analytical approach. Such reforms could highlight the deviation of the caliphate. However, the goal addressed in this study is to highlight the development and the less prominent lines of Islamic civilization regarding the return to the path of the Imams at the time of Imam Reza (A.S), from the political philosophy point of view.