Methodology of Jurists in Confronting the Problem of the Gap between the Iranian Government and Nation during the Safavid, Qajar, and Contemporary Periods

The Shiite culture governing Iran in different historical periods and regarding the tribalistic tyrannical governments or colonial supports as illegitimate have led to the gap between the government and the nation. In different periods, scientists have had different theoretical and practical experiences with native or extrinsic approaches. The present research deals with the practical and theoretical encounter of Allameh Majlesi, late Naini and Imam Khomeini with the three traditionalist, fundamentalist and governmental approaches in the three different periods of Safavid, Qajar and Pahlavi. This research has been conducted by using the fundamental methodology approach and the historical -analytical method in two axes of epistemic and non-epistemic factors. The findings of the research indicate that all the mentioned three approaches are similar in regarding illegitimate the above-mentioned governments, adopting positive approaches for elimination of an evil by a worse evil. However, relatively different jurisprudential capacities of the three types of reformist, critical, revolutionary fiqhs have had different consequences in epistemic, social and political areas.