Reduce the effects of natural hazards (earthquakes) on urban environments with an emphasis on capacity building (Case study: Zahedan City)

Natural hazards have created widespread problems and nodes in many centuries in relation to the development of human societies. According to the study, factors such as the presence of faults around the city, demographic density, high marginalization and, consequently, non-standard housing and lack of open and green spaces, have made Zahedan to be vulnerable to natural hazards. Among the examples of people's participation is capacity building, capacity building led by local institutions and organizations, provides a way to enhance public participation opportunities and achieve successful outcomes for sustainable development and, on the other hand, make progress in sustainable development dependent on social capacity building. Descriptive-analytic method has been used to investigate the reduction of natural hazards (earthquakes) on urban environment with emphasis on capacity building. In order to collect information from research, a questionnaire was used to survey the reliability of questionnaires using the Kronbach Alpha method and the coefficient 845 / ; Their validity was determined on the basis of Delphi technique and the expert judgment of the bachelor's degree. For more certainty, the CVI and CVR indices were used to determine the accuracy of the content validity because the coefficient above 70 /. , A desirable validity was obtained. To evaluate the normal distribution of data, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the differences in the values of the variables were used for ranking and T test. Based on the results of the T test, in the institutional dimension, the "access to safe places in the event of a possible earthquake in the level of 0.05 and other sub-criteria is less than 0.001 in the level. In the physical-spatial dimension, the components of "access to the main and arterial passages and the level of exhaustion of the residential houses in your neighborhood, at the level of 0/05 and the components of trust in the residential unit in terms of architecture and engineering at 01/0 and other sub-criteria", has a significant difference And in the socioeconomic dimension, the sub-criteria "The amount of general information to the residents in the event of an earthquake and consultation with the informed people in order to reduce the vulnerability at the level of 0.05 and below the level of coverage of your housing insurance at the level of 0.01 is significant. According to the geographic conditions of the region and the existence of various faults, there is a probability of earthquake occurrence in the city. In terms of access to open and green spaces, vulnerability and resilience are different in different regions, so that the central, southeastern and marginal areas of access In the open spaces and the least vulnerable, the eastern parts of the city, due to the use of such as airports and military sites and the northern areas of the city, are exposed to the mountains with the lowest level of access to green space and open space, less resilience and more vulnerability. Based on the results of the research, capacity building in the institutional dimension is in a rather desirable situation. However, in socio-economic and spatial -physical dimensions, in the unfavorable situation, the need for more authorities to strengthen these dimensions is necessary.