Adaptation of Jatropha curcas for biofuel production in Iran

Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) is a drought-tolerant shrub species with a height of 5 to 6 m. This plant belongs to the genus Jatropha with more than 170 species. Its seed with 30-35% oil is used in some diesel engines, cooking and lighting, and soap industries, herbicide production, and pharmaceuticals. Jetropha is native to the tropical and subtropical regions, requiring at least 250 to 300 mm of rainfall to grow. Its water requirement for flowering and fruiting stages is 1000 to 1500 mm. Leaves are damaged by high heat and hot winds, reducing the yield. Jetropha is not resistant to frost and does not tolerate shade. It performs best in medium density. The most suitable soil for jatropha is sandy-loamy with a medium texture and good weathering. Jatropha does not favor heavy soils. Weeds cause seedling dryness and weakness; thus the weeds must be weeded twice a year. The results of studies in Iran showed that the plant propagation is possible through seeds, cuttings and tissue culture, which is compatible with Sahara - Sindi regions but faces cold restriction in other regions. Its water requirement is moderate and the shortage of rainfall must be provided through irrigation. Jatropha is a relatively salinity-tolerant species, and increasing salinity (more than 50 mM) causes reduced yield. No pest and disease were recorded on Jatropha in Iran.