The elements and features of Gardens Associated with Mazhar-Khaneh, based on examples of formal and royal gardens

Despite numerous studies on gardens, the effect of gardens and their parts on the surrounding environment has not been sufficiently studied. This lack of understanding among other factors has led to lack of attention and damages to gardens by urban and infrastructural developments in suburban areas, which makes it difficult to understand indigenous patterns and preserves the remaining gardens. In desert regions of Iran, many gardens with qanats can be identified in suburban areas usually near the foot of mountains. These gardens with qanats and mazhar-khaneh have had considerable effects on their surrounding environments. It seems that the relationship between these gardens and their qanat and mazhar-khaneh and with the surrounding environment has led to the creation of certain elements around the garden. Therefore the main research question is: what are these parts and elements and how are they composed togheter?  The goal of this article is the identification of these elements and the features resulting from their composition in a certain structure. This research uses descriptive-historical method which includes field surveys and library research on examples of gardens with mazhar-khaneh with the least amount of intervention and development and with sufficient written and visual resources about them. Furthermore, only gardens were chosen that like royal gardens, had more extensive elements and features. Field surveys and the interpretation of data from texts and illustrations show that in addition to the main common elements such as the main garden, forecourt, street, buildings near water and the group of gardens and house-gardens around these gardens, there is also a common structure in the elements around them. This water-dependent structure has made life and farming possible around the garden and connects the garden to other areas.