The Effect of High Intensity Interval Training on Activated Transcription Factor 3 and Toll-Like Receptor 4 Myocardia Gene Expression in Diabetic Rats

In diabetic patients, cardiomyopathy leads to the development of left ventricular hypertrophy, increased cardiac hypersensitivity to ischemic injury, and heart failure. Following the onset of diabetes-induced inflammation, Toll-Like Receptor4 (TLR4) is activated. Protective factors, including the Activated Transcription Factor 3(ATF3), are activated by hearth in response to such inflammation. Exercise, especially High Intensity Interval Training, reduces the effects of diabetic cardiomyopathy through reducing inflammatory factors. This study aimed to determine the effect of High Intensity Interval Training on TLR4 and ATF3 gene expression in cardiac muscle of male diabetic rats. A total of 48 Rats (6 weeks old) weighing 150 g were randomly divided into four groups of 12 consist of: Control group(C), Diabetes group (D), Diabetes –High Intensity Interval Training (DIT) and High intensity Interval Training (HIIT) groups. Six weeks of High Intensity Interval Training included 10 repetitions of 1-minute running on a treadmill with 2 minutes of rest between sets, 3 days a week. Gene expression was performed using the Real-Time PCR technique and the calculation of the changes using the 2-ΔΔCT method. The data were analyzed by Fisher and M-ANOVA tests at a significant level of P ≤ 0.01. The findings of the present study showed a significant increase in the expression of Activated Transcription Factor-3 gene and a significant decrease in the expression of Toll like Receptor-4 gene. As a result, High Intensity Interval training by activating the pathway and different molecular cell mechanisms dramatically reduced the negative effects of diabetic cardiomyopathy.