فصلنامه فیزیولوژی ورزشی
پیاپی 58 (تابستان 1402)

Health-related physical fitness is one of the important issues in exercise physiology that is related to people's physical health and disease prevention. The purpose of this study was to developing and updating the physical fitness norm for women aged 18-60 years old of Tehran city. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 365 women aged 18-60 years old with a mean age of 33.04 ± 9.57 years, height 163.09 ± 6.05 cm, weight 67.17± 11.57 kg from different regions of Tehran were recruited by cluster and random sampling. In this study, body mass index (BMI), Waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), body fat percentage (caliper), cardio-respiratory fitness (Rockport 1mile walking/Running), Flexibility (sit & Reach), endurance of abdominal muscles (curl up), Endurance of shoulder girdle muscles (modified push up) and strength of hands (hand grip) measured in subjects. Descriptive statistics and computation of Z scores and point percentages were used to construction of norms. The findings of this study showed that the mean cardio respiratory fitness (38.46 ± 7.78 ml / kg.min-1), body fat percentage (38.85± 6.65), BMI (25.40± 4.20 kg/m2) Flexibility (31.50± 8.10 cm), Endurance of abdominal muscles (37.36 ± 14.74), WHR (0.84 ± 0.50), WC (78.65 ± 10.70cm) Endurance of shoulder girdle muscles (18.90 ± 11.94), strength of hand muscles (23.32 ± 4.88 kg).

Balance is an important factor for the success and health of mountaineers. This study aimed to investigate the separate and combined effects of electrical brain stimulation and acetazolamide on the balance of male mountaineers.

Methods & Materials: 

12 male mountaineers (mean±standard deviasion of age, height, and weight was respectively: 39.8±4.6 years, 177.4±7.8 cm, and 79.1±1.9 kg) participated in this double-blind study. Participants were exposed to six conditions: 1)Acetazolamide-M1 stimulation 2)Acetazolamide-DLPFC stimulation 3)Acetazolamide-sham 4)Placebo-M1 5)Placebo-DLPFC 6)Placebo-sham. In each session, subjects received 20 minutes of brain stimulation, after being exposed to 30 minutes of hypoxia (O2=13%) in a sitting position. Then, participants performed an endurance-exhausting task at 60% of maximal aerobic speed on the treadmill, considering their aerobic endurance. Immediately after the task, the balances of the supporting and nonsupporting legs were measured. The two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used for statistical analysis.

In hypoxic conditions, stimulation of the M1 and DLPFC regions had a significant positive effect on the balance of the supporting leg compared to the sham stimulation conditions (p=0.02 and p=0.03, respectively). However, there was no significant difference between these two types of stimulation. For the nonsupporting leg, no significant difference was observed between the stimulation conditions in different areas. In addition, no significant difference was seen between the use of acetazolamide and sham on the balance of the supporting and nonsupporting legs.

Stimulation of the M1 and DLPFC areas can improve the balance of the supporting leg of mountaineers during high-altitude climbing.

Nowadays, the appropriate exercise pattern along with the consumption of medicinal plants plays an important role in regulating energy balance, reducing inflammatory indicators and increasing antioxidant defense in obese elderly people.Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of HIIT and consumption of green tea on serum levels of antioxidant enzymes, inflammatory markers and galanin in obese elderly untrained men.

Methods & Materials:

In this study, 48 obese elderly untrained men were randomly divided into four groups including: HIIT, HIIT with Green Tea, Green Tea and Control. HIIT were performed for 8 weeks (3 sessions per week) with 90% HRR. 450 mg of green tea was received daily (six capsules per day).Blood samples were taken before and 48 hours after the last training session. Statistical analysis was performed using Shapiro-Wilk test and two-way analysis of covariance.Data were analyzed using SPSS-26 software with a significance level of p<0.05.

The results showed that the combined effect of HIIT with green tea consumption and the main effect of HIIT alone caused a significant increase in the levels of thioredoxin reductase-1, paraoxonase-1 and a significant decrease in the levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and galanin(P<0.05).But consumption of green tea alone did not show significant changes(P>0.05). The highest percentage of changes (increase and decrease)created in biochemical variables was attributed to the HIIT with green tea group.

Performing HIIT with green tea consumption had the greatest effect on reducing inflammatory markers, increasing antioxidant enzymes and energy balance in obese elderly untrained men.

Chemotherapy induced immune-suppression is a side effect of cancer treatment. Exercise is an effective regulator for the survival and function of immune cells. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on neutropenia in cancer patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 20 patients with lymphoma and multiple myeloma were divided into exercise and control groups. Exercise group performed a graded exercise test and then for five days, performed exercise training on ergo cycle for 24 minutes (three periods of four min work and rest with 80 and 40 % of peak power), while the control group did not have any exercise activities. Blood sampling was done daily during the treatment period. Statistical analysis of the data was done with SPSS software and ANOVA, independent t and Mann-Whitney U tests at a significance level of less than 0.05. The number of white blood cells on the day of cell collection and leukocyte transplantation was significantly higher in the exercise group than in the control group (P<0.05). The amount and number of days of administration of granulocyte colony stimulating factor before transplantation in the exercise group were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). The number of days of neutropenia and the amount of antibiotics used did not show any significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Considering the positive effect of training on leukocyte engraftment, probably patients can benefit from training in addition to routine care.

Stroke is a neurological disorder and the second leading cause of death worldwide. Recently, studies on neuroprotective treatments for stroke have become a hot topic globally. The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of a combination of aerobic exercise and adenosine on the expression of the A2a gene and the consequences of stroke injury in the hippocampus of male rats. Fifty male Wistar rats (8-10 weeks old, weighing 240-270 grams) were randomly divided into five groups: (sham, control+ischemia, ischemia+exercise, ischemia+adenosine, and ischemia+adenosine+exercise). After inducing ischemia, rats in exercise groups performed treadmill running 5 days per week for 8 week. Adenosine simultaneously once per day to Adenosine-treated groups were injected. 48 hours after completing the exercise protocol, hippocampal tissue was collected for cell death, and measuring of the A2a expression using the RT- PCR method. The data were analyzed using Anova and post hoc Bonferroni’s test. The number of dead cells increased in the ischemia group compared to the sham and decreased in the ischemia+adenosine+Exercise and ischemia+exercise groups compared to the ischemia group. The A2a expression in group ischemia+adenosine+exercise, ischemia+exercise, and ischemia+adenosine showed respectively the highest increase, with a significant difference compared to the sham (P<0/001) and control+ischemia (P<0/001) groups. aerobic exercise and adenosine, both independently and interactively, can serve as a neuroprotective combination by increasing the expression of the A2a and stimulating the signaling and mechanisms related to the reduction of cell death, providing therapeutic and protective effects against ischemic stroke-induced consequences.

Objectices:

skeletal muscles play an important role in the homeostasis of the whole body.Any dysfunction of skeletal muscles can cause problems such as prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.MondoA is a transcription factor that is activated under normal conditions by increasing the amount of glucose inside the cell and transcribes its target genes(TXNIP/ARRDC4).The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of aerobic training on the level of MondoA transcription factor activity and the expression of its target genes in the skeletal muscle of prediabetic model rats.

Methods & Materials:

In order to induce prediabetes15 male C57BL/6 mice,(aged four weeks and weighing between 12 and 14 g)were fed with a high-fat diet for 12 weeks.After induction of prediabetes mice were divided into two groups of high fat diet(5 mice/no exercise) and aerobic training group (5 mice/10 weeks of aerobic training)The aerobic exercise protocol was performed in the form of running on a treadmill 5 days a week and 45 minutes a day.The velocity also increased from 15 to 23 m/min with moderate intensity.

The results showed a significant decrease(p<0.001)in blood glucose level and insulin resistance in the PD-Ex group compared to PD. Also exercise training decreased the relative level of expression of TXNIP(p<0.01) and ARRDC4(p<0.05)genes, the presence of transcription factor MondoA in the nucleus, and increased the expression of Glut4 protein in the cell membrane(p<0.01).

In general, aerobic exercise can be effective in lowering blood sugar by decreasing the activity of MondoA in the nucleus and increasing the presence of Glut4 in the cell membrane