Critical evaluation of Plato's theory of justice (The theory of justice in the Republic)

This article attempt to say that the fundamental question about justice, according to Plato’s philosophy, is always the question: which government is better and which order is fairer and who has the authority of government over people? In Plato's view, justice must be realized within the individual and in the community. Justice in the city is found in the natural hierarchy and division of labor. In other words, Plato’s view of division of labor is divided into three types of peoples’ task in life which are workers as farmers, military type and guardians. Plato conceived of the state as an art in which the ruler should consider the interests of those who are under the rule and by keeping in mind the moderation and harmony of extremes, if one insists on following the selfish tendencies it gives rise to turmoil and chaos. Therefore, Plato conceives of the state as a human body with three parts, in which there are rulers and guards who are in good shape instead of the head and chest and abdomen. As a healthy and balanced person balances and appropriateness, the sign of a state of virtue is that anyone knows his place. This article seeks to explain the principles of the theory of justice based on the thesis of the Republic and its objections and also it seeks to provide an appropriate answer to the question: is justice, as Plato says, identical with the concept of virtue?