The Optimized Implementation of the District Metered Areas in the Water Distribution Networks Using Graph Theory

For better utilization of water distribution networks (WDNs), it is recommended that the existing networks be converted into Distinct Metered Areas (DMAs). Due to the complexity of the old networks, the conversion of these networks into DMA is a costly and sensitive issue. In this paper, a model has been developed to optimize implementation of the old networks into DMA by using the graph theory and water distribution system modeling software (EPANET), while the minimum required standard pressure is met and the number of linked pipes between the proposed areas is minimum. The minimum number of linked pipes will minimize the cost of the needed flowmeters. The developed model has been successfully applied for Poulakis WDN with 30 nodes and 50 pipes in different statuses and for the actual Bushehr WDN with about 3740 nodes and 3980 pipes. The output result shows that the developed model, in a satisfactory way, converts water distribution networks into DMAs with respect to the hydraulic constrainsts.