The Morphology of Bread Riots in the Mozaffari Age

Urban protests were one of the characteristics of social life in the Mozaffaroddin Shah era that most of them were bread riots. Those riots led to a change in the relations between the government and the people. This paper considers the morphology of bread riots in the Mozaffari age in order to find a deeper understanding and analysis of cultural and social situation of Iran before constitutional revolution and to investigate that period based on the primary sources and in a descriptive-analytical way. It is aimed to answer questions including what factors affected the bread riots and which classes of people run them. It seems that natural factors like famine and drought and also human factors like hoarding of grains led to a shortage and expensiveness of brad and union and provoked people against government. These riots became models for struggle and challenged the ruling system day by day and made the people more persistent on asking their demands.