MEASUREMENT OF QUR’ANIC READINGS WITH THE STANDARD OF ARABIC LANGUAGE AND CRITERIA FOR SELECTING CORRECT RECITATION

The richness of Quranic literature has led to the development of literary and syntactic rules of the Arabic language and has influenced the science of Quranic readings. Then the literary style became the basis for measuring readings with the standard of Arabic language and choosing the correct reading. The historical stages of measuring readings with the standard of Arabic language and its most important results are as follows: 1- In the era of Successors (Tābi‘īn) until the advent of Ibn Mujahid, syntactic rules were not organized. After the formulation of the rules, the critique of recitations with the standard of Arabic language became widespread and ijtihad-based discussions in recitation became popular; 2- In the era after Ibn Mujahid until the advent of Ibn Jazari, weekly readings became popular and legitimized, and the importance of the art of reading became increasingly important. The reading market flourished with a fanatical and holistic approach. Two views were formed on the critique of readings with the standard of the Arabic language and the sanctification of readings with the belief in its revelation; 3- In the era after Ibn Jazari until the present era, the belief in the revelation of readings became widespread. Attempts were made to justify poor readings with literary minimums. Writing valuable books in the science of reading, its development and the formation of reading characteristics are other events of this period. In the present study, an attempt is made to examine the three stages with a historical-analytical approach, and in the light of it, to express the characteristics of recitation to recognize and select the correct and preferred reading based on rational reasons (including the impossibility of deviating from the recitation of the Holy Prophet and to not contradict rational reasons) as well as narrative arguments (including explicit and frequent text of the Qur'an, public recitation and emphasis of the Ahl al-Bayt on its practical commitment, compatibility with the existing Qur'an and calligraphy of Qur'anic words, first diacritical mark, original literature and eloquent rules of Arabic). The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical using library resources.