The role of renewable energies on smart energy systems - A review

Due to the importance and effects of energy systems planning on environmental parameters and living standards, it is necessary to change these systems to achieve environmental benefits, improve the energy security, diversifying the energy basket, flexibility in energy exchanges between energy system components and etc. For this purpose, the energy supply of the society requires to move toward the smart energy system. These systems are a set of smart gas, heat and electricity grids with different technologies and accessibility that are planned and managed to work together. One of the most important features of smart energy systems is to use and increase the share of renewable energy sources. In the literature investigated in this field revealed that, the main criteria are the amount of power inputs and its cost per unit, mainly with the aim of reducing costs and decreasing the carbon dioxide emissions, maximizing the share of renewable resources. For formulating and modelling of such systems the conventional mathematical programming methods or metaheuristic methods are used. As well as the importance of these systems and the concepts of 100 % renewables are proposed by most of the developed countries next 30 - years.