Mechanical Modulation of Stem cells for differentiation Toward Osteochondral Cells Using Scaffolds with implicit surfaces

The creation process of biological tissues needs an artificial substrate in order to control cellular responses to mechanical and chemical signals. This artificial support is named a scaffold. Investigating the effects of scaffold geometry on fluid flow regime as well as influence of different locations of the cells on the scaffold on effective mechanical stimulations of the stem cells are the main goals of this study. So, scaffolds were utilized which include architecture of the pores achieved from implicit surfaces. Using finite elements and fluid-structure interaction methods and solving the problem through two way coupling of the equations, the results show that microstructure of the scaffolds and architecture of their pores have major effects on improvement of fluid flow reaching various locations of the scaffold. This issue besides of optimization conditions of shear stress and hydrodynamic pressure in different surfaces of the scaffold leads to increase of oxygen delivery and perfusion to the cells. Moreover, preference of using HP scaffolds and as a next priority utilizing of Gyroid scaffols is reported.