Study and Analysis of Socio-criticism in Aṭṭār Nīšābūrī’s Moṣībat-nāma Based onB. F. Skinner’s Approach

Co-existence and sympathy with the public is one of the most illuminated aspects of Iranian-Islamic mysticism. The outstanding mystics of Iran considered their blessedness to be dependent on the whole human beings’ health and expressed their desires and ideals needed to reach their own intended utopia through direct and indirect commentaries. Aṭṭār Nīšābūrīas one of these great mystics is a prominent figure in socio-political criticism. His couplets are replete with allegorical, caustic and dauntless criticism aimed at rulers and other groups of society. The analysis and typology of Aṭṭār’s criticism and discovering his intentions of using criticism are explored in the present research. The researchers believe that the time whenAṭṭār lived had been to a large degree turbulent and disordered, and that he, in writing Moṣībat-nāma (Book of Travail), had sought to criticize the ruling class, the greedy and worldly-minded, the religious dogmatists, and the hypocrite. The researchers have referred to B. F. Skinner’s hermeneutic approach in order to test their assumptions.