Study of Nomadic Handwoven Objects of Iran with the Approach of Cultural Ecology (Case Study: the Killims of Bakhtiari, Qashqaei, Shahsavan and Kormanj Tribes)

By understanding human activities in his ecosystem, we can recognize material cultures. It is important to see how thoughts, aspirations and imaginations emerge as cultural materials which are considered as products of crafts and artistic skills. So, nomadic and tribal handwoven products of Iran, especially killims, reflect beliefs, emotions, desires and also ecosystems of people who weave them. There is a wonderful interaction and connection between culture and ecosystem of nomads. The aim of this paper is recognition of nomadic handwoven objects in four main regions of Iran based on technical components (spinning, dyeing, weave techniques) aesthetics (design, coloring), materials, the cultural and social structures, and human resource of production (weaver artists). The case studies of the research are the killims of Bakhtiari, Qashqaei, Shahsavan and Kormanj tribes. The reason of choosing these killims is their significance in nomadic handwoven objects (due to their diversity, motifs and laborious nature) and also their common motifs. The paper is written based on a fundamental research which was conducted by a descriptive-analytical methodology; data collection was done both in field and by reviewing documents.