Investigating the Role of Attributes in the Process of Producing and Understanding Metaphor in Hafiz's Poems Based on Cognitive Metaphor Theory

The adjective is introduced as a category of Persian language (and essentially all languages) in grammar books and its varieties are specified. But its role in speech and writing, and especially in literary texts - as a part of the Speech - has not received much attention. The present study investigates the role of adjectives in shaping and understanding metaphors in Hafez's poems and it employs cognitive metaphor theory as one of the newest theories in metaphorical studies. The recent theory in Iran has been welcomed by linguists, and each has explored it to some extent. Including Afrashi (2011) supplemented it with implicational markedness theory in semantics and added a few points that have been used in this article. The research method was descriptive-analytical and data were collected through library studies. In the end, it is concluded that Hafez utilized the attributes in the stand what has been called the implicational markedness in this study. And in order to advance its goals - which in this study are merely two goals recognized - That is to say, the emphasis on a particular concept has benefited from the correspondences between the two concepts, and also used them in order to prefer tenor to vehicle in similes and metaphores.