A Comparison between the Old and the New Natural Sciences and Reviewing and Criticizing Some Experts' Opinions

The natural sciences in the Islamic period are precious heritages that deserve more attention in terms of their validity and impact during the heyday of Islamic civilization and the possibility of using parts of them in the contemporary era. In this article, while referring to the natural sciences and their various branches in Islamic civilization, their positions and status among the sciences of the Islamic period is examined. This article claims that the invasion of new sciences in Iran, their undisputed dominance in scientific institutions, the inattention of contemporary scholars to the ancient scientific heritage, and the lack of understanding of the relationship between the old and new natural sciences, led to the unscientific perceptions and incomplete judgments. Sometimes incorrect judgments have been made on the natural sciences of the Islamic period. For a more accurate understanding and better judgment of the natural sciences of the Islamic period in the present era, a new division of the natural sciences is propose in this article.