Intertextuality Criticism of Two Literary Works: Bustan and Qabousnameh

Based on the intertextuality approach, in the field of literature, a new text is not formed as it is considered as an intertextuality of the texts before it. The theory of intertextuality is concerned with the relationship between the texts; a relationship recurrent in literary works. The theorists in this field, such as Kristeva and Barthes, argue that there is no pure text and all the texts have already existed , and only the narrator is different. This article seeks to study and analyze The Bustan of Saadi and Qabousnameh of Onsor al-Ma’ali in order to explain the commonalities and recurrent elements of these two significant literary works and stress the point that, according to the theory of intertextuality that states that no text is original, in terms of content. Hence The Bustan of Saadi is a reflection of the texts before itself, including Qabousnameh of Onsor al-Ma’ali, which is the aim of this research.