Explaining and criticizing the paradigmatic approach in Western educational thoughts

Effective implementing of educational activities requires acquiring educational theories. Numerous theories have emerged throughout history from the past to the present. Understanding these theories is not an easy task. So the central question in studying educational ideas is how to understand educational theories, or in other words, educational theology. The paradigmatic approach is one of the procedures related to theorizing or theory that can help us read and understand thought, especially educational thoughts. The paradigmatic perspective in explaining scientific theories plays an important role in the formation of theories, including educational theories, basic beliefs and assumptions, and in other words, the paradigm. The paradigmatic features have three basic elements: ontology, epistemology, and methodology. The scientific theories of education according to the criterion of time can be analyzed in three parts: pre-modern, modern and post-modern paradigms. Like paradigms, education has three essential components: goals, content, and methods of instruction. The components of education are obtained by examining and analyzing the elements of paradigms. In this study, educational theories with a paradigmatic approach have been studied in the three mentioned paradigms. The method of study is descriptive-analytical. In this method, first, through studying the descriptions of educational ideas they are analyzed, and then the paradigmatic analysis of the theories of education in the modern and postmodern period is identified. In the next step, by examining the paradigmatic features of the theories, the educational components i.e. the aims, content and methods of education are extracted from the educational elements. Another part of the research findings is related to criticism. In this section, the BARDI perspective is used for comparison and criticism.